Turkey's Killing Machine: The Contr

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Subject: Turkey's Killing Machine: The Contra-Guerrilla Force  (par)
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Turkey's Killing Machine: The Contra-Guerrilla Force  (part B)

From: David Davidian <dbd at urartu.sdpa.org>
From: aforum at moose.uvm.edu (Arm the Spirit)
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Date: Tue, 1 Mar 1994 22:31:44 GMT

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Turkey's Killing Machine: The Contra-Guerrilla Force
By Serdar Celik

Special Warfare Department And Paramilitary MHP

     During the 1970s the struggle for democracy was developing in
Turkey. In Kurdistan the struggle for national liberation was
growing. With the help of the MHP (National Action Party), which
was brought onto the scene in the 70s, hundreds of students,
workers, intellectuals, trades unionists and educationalists were
murdered: the president of DISK (the Federation of Revolutionary
Trades Unions) Kemal Turkler, the journalist Abdi Ipekci, Professor
Dr Bedri Karafakiroglu, professors Umit Doganay and Cavit Orhan
Tutengil, Umit Kaftancioglu, State Counsel Dogan Oz, security chief
Cevat Yurdakul, University Professor Orhan Yavuz, Bedrettin Comert,
Server Tanilli (who survived but remained disabled), Chair Adana
Chamber of Agricultural Engineers Akin Ozdemir and hundreds more.
In 1974 in Maras they massacred inumerable Kurdish and Alevi people
- children, women and old folk and men. This preplanned act of
genocide opened the way for the military coup of September 12,
1980.
     It is know from the experiences of various countries that the
CIA works together with the police to organize paramilitary groups
in the tactics of irregular warfare. William Colby wrote: "To
prevent Turkey from falling into the hands of the communists, the
CIA gave support to anti-communist institutions". (13) Retired
general Sezsi Orkunt, ex-chief of the General Staff said: "The
Turkish armed forces were more worried about the Left than the
Right. The Right was organised in the MHP and its leader Turkes was
helped on his way". (14) When the MHP's Ankara headquarters were
searched at the time of the 1980 coup, the "Contra-Guerrilla
Assignment 31/15 on the Model Plan for Underground Cells" was found
there. (15) The MHP had obtained this plan from Colonel Mehmet
Alanyuva of the Agents Section of the Special Warfare Department,
the MHP's militants, who were organised in accordance with this
plan, went on to perpetuate a veritable massacre against innocent
people from the opposition.
     The CIA also employed the MHP militants for terrorist plots
on an international level. For example, the murderer of the
journalist Abdi Ipekci was the same man who in 1991 carried out the
assassination attempt on Pope John Paul.
     The MHP is also organised in Europe, and particularly in
Germany. Until 1976 it was organised there under the same title.
After that in Europe they took on the title Avrupa Ulkucu
Dernekleri Federasyonu (Federation of National Associations in
Europe). The MHP's organisation in Germany maintains connections
with the German Secret Service. The journalist Ugur Mumcu, who was
assassinated in 1993, wrote: "These connections were set up in
Cologne by a German named Kannabin". (16) The MHP has another
patron in Germany - Rudi Nazar. He is a CIA agent who was for many
years active in Ankara and was later transferred to Bonn. Jurgen
Roth went into this matter in detail in his book "Criminals
Incorporated" and came to the conclusion, based on information from
a president of one of the republics of the former Soviet Union,
that the MHP is also involved in the heroin trade in Germany.
     General Haydar Saltik, one of those responsible for the
September 12, 1980 coup, later left the army and became Consul in
the Turkish consulate in Berne. He renewed his contacts with the
Turkish nationalists and sent 15,000 officers and MHP militants,
who came under the Special Warfare Department and had already had
a hand in many attacks against the Armenians, to Azerbaijan. After
their training, these militants were sent to Baku. The attacks on
the Kurdish population in Antalya and other Turkish towns during
the past year were also carried out by the MIT and the MHP. The MHP
is still the paramilitary wing of the Special Warfare Department.
This time, however, it was more effective, since the entire state
with all its constituent parts has grown into an even more racist,
anti-Kurdish and paramilitary organisation.

The Operations Of The Turkish Contra-Guerrillas

     The bloody work of the Special Warfare Department is so wide-
ranging that we can not go into everything here. We will,
therefore, go straight over to Kurdistan, where the contra-
guerrillas are employed in the front line against the national
liberation struggle. First, however, we would like to recount some
of the decisive points of the decisive points of the contra-
guerrillas' activities prior to 1980:
     Agents from the Special Warfare Department threw a bomb into
the house in Thessallonika in Greece which was used as the Mustafa
Kemal Museum, and blamed this act on the Greek police.
Consequently, on the 6 and 7 of September 1955, fanatical groups
fired up by the contra-guerrillas wrecked Greek homes and
businesses in Istanbul.
     The most important actions of the Special Warfare Department
were the three military coups. This Department was responsible for
the coup of May 27, 1967 and above all for the last two coups of
the March 12, 1971 and September 12, 1980. The then Foreign
Minister Ihsan Sabri Caglayangil, who was invited to Teheran a few
days before March 12, 1971, learned from the Shah of Iran that
there was going to be a coup in Turkey. (17) The then commander of
the Turkish airforce, Muhsin Batur, went the the USA just before
the coup of September 12, 1980. Again the then airforce commander
Tahsin Sahinkaya flew to the USA and the coup took place two days
after his return. Carter, who was at the opera when he heard about
the coup, called Paul Henze, the CIA agent responsible for Turkey,
and told him: " Your people have just made a coup". (18)
     The torture chambers which opened in 1971 gave the contra-
guerrillas an important opportunity to gain practical experience.
The contra-guerrilla generals who took people to the torture
chambers in Ziverbay in Istanbul told their victims for the first
time that they were prisoners of the contra-guerrillas. The
interrogations were carried out by contra-guerrilla specialists
called EBU (Correct Information Officers). A team of interrogation
specialists called the DAL (Deep Investigation Laboratory) was set
up by the political police in Ankara. These torture specialists
murdered or caused permanent damage to hundreds of people. Later
on, these teams were dispatched all over Turkey and especially
Kurdistan. In 1971 the contra-guerrillas' torture was directed by
General Faik Turun, Turgut Sonap and Memduh Unluturk. (*7)
     The invasion of Cyprus was an action of the Special Warfare
Department. In 1955 the Department set up a secret organisation
called the Turk Mukavemet Hareketi (Turkish Resistance Movement).
This organisation carried out systematic provocations in Cyprus in
order to prepare the conditions for the 1974 coup. To prepare for
the occupation of Cyprus, teams directed by Hiram Abbas and the
Special Warfare Department established themselves in Beirut, from
where they could organise activities in Cyprus. The Cyprus invasion
was organised by the then chief of the Special Warfare Department
Kemal Yemek. Cyprus was the first serious test for the Turkish
contra-guerrillas. After 1980 Kurdistan took the place of Cyprus
in this respect.
     The State Security Courts are a product of the Special Warfare
Department and they are assigned the task of restructuring the
judicial process to fit the demands of the contra-guerrillas. In
accordance with a directive of the contra-guerrillas, the the State
Security Courts aim "not to condemn the defendants according to the
punishments set out for the political crimes, but to administer
punishments as severe as those set out for murder and other crimes
against the person". (19) The detainees were severely tortured and
then came before a contra-guerrilla court. Most of the judges have
come from the military and are therefore tools of the Special
Warfare Department.
     The murders and terrorist acts committed by the MHP were
actions of the Special Warfare Department. Their purpose was to
intimidate the opposition and prepare the conditions for a coup.
The Special Warfare Department was successful in this task: on
September 12, they carried out the military coup d'etat. This coup
was the most important action of the contra-guerrillas. All arms
of the state were reorganised on paramilitary lines. The Special
Warfare Department gained control over the underworld (the Turkish
mafia), the press, commerce, the judicial system, parliament, the
universities and all other areas of society. All administrative
organs and laws were restructured along the same lines.

Sources:
1. Interview with the President of the Turkish General Staff Dogan
Gures, "Milliyet" 5/6 September 1992
2. "Hurriyet" 26 November 1992
3. "Milliyet" 28 November 1990
4. "Cumhuriyet" 17 November 1990
5. "Directive ST 31/15 for Operations Against Irregular Forces"
6. "The Contra-Guerrillas and the MHP" Vol 1, Aydinlik Yayinlari,
p19 and Talat Turhan "The Contra-Guerrilla Republic", p19
7. "The Contra-Guerrillas and the MHP", p16
8. " The American Military Doctrine, Report of the Rockerfeller
Foundation", p356
9. "The Age of Imperialism", Harry Magdorff (translated by M. Emin
Doger., "CIA, Contra-Guerrillas and Turkey"), p104
10. ibid. p122
11. McNamara, 1967 (US State Department of Defense)
12. Franco Salinas, "State of Emergency", pp82-88
13. "Cumhuriyet" 21 November 1990
14. "Hurriyet" 19 November 1990
15. "Gunes" 17 November 1990
16. Ugur Mumcu "Pope-Mafia-Agca" p143
17. Cuneyit Arcayurek "Coups and the Secret Services" p160
18. ibid. p190
19. "Directive ST 31/15 for Operations Against Irregular Forces"

Notes:
*1 The "Super-NATO" organisation was set up under the control of
the CIA in all the NATO countries. The headquarters of this
organisation was in Brussels and was named the Allied Coordination
Committee (ACC). Secret meetings were held annually in which
delegates from all the member countries took part. The official
purpose of the organisation is "to organise resistance using
irregular warfare methods in case of a communist occupation". The
organisation has at its disposal special funds and weapons depots.
It is not answerable for its activities under the laws of the
individual member states. The organisation's branch in Italy was
called "Gladio", in Germany "Anti-Communist Assault Unit", in
Greece " Hide of the Red Buck", in Belgium "Glavia". The "Super-
NATO" also set up branch organisations in non-NATO countries such
as Austria and Switzerland.

*2 Referring to contra-guerrilla warfare conducted by the USA,
former U.S. Secretary of State McNamara explained that "partisan
wars call for a change in our understanding of warfare. In regions
where partisan war has broken out, what is needed is not a great
number of military units and weapons, but rather small units who
have been well trained in guerrilla and counter-guerrilla tactics
and armed with special weapons".(8) The American Delta Forces, the
British Special Air Service (SAS), the Italian Special Forces
Section and the German GSG-9 are units of this type. The former
U.S. President Johnson declared in 1964 that 344 contra-guerrilla
units had been trained by the USA in 49 countries of the world.

*3 In the 70s the following persons, among others, who still occupy
important positions today, were members of the Turkish police and
secret service: Sekru Balci, Ilgaz Aykutlu, Kenan Koc, Umit Erdal,
Hiram Abbas (who was killed in 1990 [by militants of the armed
communist organization Devrimci Sol, was in the 70s one of the
three most influential persons in the MIT), Mehmet Aymur (Abbas'
right-hand man in the MIT), Hayri Kozakcioglu (who was trained by
Scotland Yard and in 1987 made Governor with Special Powers), Unal
Erkan (at that time Kozakcioglu's successor as "Supergovernor" in
diyarbakir).

*4 Divided among the 55 million people of the Turkish and Kurdish
population, this means 949 Turkish Lira per head that every Turk
and Kurd have to pay in order to finance the "work" of spying,
torture and murder of this gang of killers.

*5 Professors Abdulhaluk Cay, Ibrahim Kafescioglu, Bahattin Ogel,
Ertugrul Zekai Okte, Aydin Yalcin, among others.

*6 "In 1967 the CIA's budget for the funding of 'useful friends and
elements' abroad was raised to 10 million U.S. dollars per year.
Most of these funds flowed through our trade unions, student unions
and special institutions into foreign institutions. The use of our
trade unions and associations as a sort of screen prevented it from
becoming known that the source of these funds was in reality the
CIA". (Fron the book "CIA, Secret Services and Democracy" by the
former CIA chief Stanfield Turner).
*7 Faik Turun became an MP for the AP (Justice Party) in 1977.
Turgut Sunalp became a minister in parliament in 1982 as a member
of the MDP (National Democratic Party). The retired Memduh Unluturk
was killed by militants of the organization Devrimci Sol

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 * Origin: APS Amsterdam (aps.nl), bbs +31-20-6842147 (16:31/2.0)